|
|
|
| Model Modifying and Characteristics Analyzing of Ocean Clutter in Skywave Over-the-horizon Radar |
| GUAN Zewen CHEN Jianwen BAO Zheng |
| (Wuhan Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China) |
|
|
|
|
Abstract As modulated by the ionosphere, the classical High-Frequency (HF) model of ocean clutter can not describe the HF scatterings from sea surface approvingly in view of skywave Over-The-Horizon Radar (OTHR). In this paper, ocean current is taken into consideration based on the Walsh HF sea clutter model. An equivalent ionospheric reflecting screen model is established which can be resolved into several sub screens, based on which the ionospheric modulation on frequency is discussed. Incorporating with Walsh model, a normalized sea clutter model for skywave OTHR is presented. Using the presented model, the spectrums in different cases involving Doppler shift, spectrum broadening, splitting and multipath propagation are simulated, and comparing with the measured data, the model’s validity and robustness are verified.
|
|
Received: 17 March 2017
Published: 30 June 2017
|
|
|
| Fund:The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61471391, 61072132) |
|
Corresponding Authors:
GUAN Zewen
E-mail: guanzewen2008@163.com
|
|
|
|
| [1] |
CROMBIE D. Doppler spectrum of sea echo at 13.5 MHz[J]. Nature, 1955, 175(4): 681-682. doi: 10.1038/175681a0.
|
| [2] |
BARRICK D. First-order theory and analysis of MF/HF/ VHF scatter from the sea[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1972, 20(1): 2-10. doi: 10.1109/TAP.1972. 1140123.
|
| [3] |
BARRICK D. Remote sensing of sea state by radar[C]. IEEE International Conference on Engineering in the Ocean Environment, Rhode Island, USA, 1972: 186-192. doi: 10.1109/OCEANS.1972.1161190.
|
| [4] |
HISAKI Y and TOKUDA M. “VHF and HF sea echo Doppler spectrum for a finite illuminated area”[J]. Radio Science, 2001, 36(3): 425-440. doi: 10.1029/2000RS002343.
|
| [5] |
GILL E, HUANG W, and WALSH J. On the development of a second-order bistatic radar cross section of the ocean surface: A high-frequency result for a finite scattering patch [J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2006, 31(4): 740-750. doi: 10.1109/JOE.2006.886228.
|
| [6] |
WALSH J, ZHANG J, and GILL E. High-frequency radar cross section of the ocean surface for an FMCW waveform[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2011, 36(4): 615-626. doi: 10.1109/JOE.2011.2161706.
|
| [7] |
刘玉鑫. 高频地波雷达海面风场反演研究[D]. [硕士论文], 哈尔滨工业大学, 2015: 7-20.
|
|
LIU Y X. Experimental research on the inversion of wind fields over the sea with HF radar[D]. [Master dissertation], Harbin Institute of Technology, 2015: 7-20.
|
| [8] |
蔡文涵. 船载HFSWR海杂波截面积方程研究与仿真[D]. [硕士论文], 哈尔滨工业大学, 2015: 6-42.
|
|
CAI W H. A study and simulation of the sea clutter high-frequency radar cross sections for a moving platform[D]. [Master dissertation], Harbin Institute of Technology, 2015: 6-42.
|
| [9] |
丁峰, 李吉宁, 杨龙泉, 等. 高频天/地波雷达海面风向、洋流反演试验研究[J]. 电波科学学报, 2016, 31(4): 755-759. doi: 10.13443/j.cjors.2015091001.
|
|
DING F, LI J N, YANG L Q, et al. The experimental research on remote the wind direct and radial current in HF hybrid sky-surface wave radar[J]. Chinese Journal of Radio Science, 2016, 31(4): 755-759. doi: 10.13443/j.cjors.2015091001.
|
| [10] |
HOU C Y, KE G, and FU Y L. The sky-wave radar detection performance computing based on the dynamic ionospheric model[J]. Neurocomputing, 2015, 151, 1305-1315. doi: 10.1016 /j.neucom.2014.10.073.
|
| [11] |
BILITZA D. International reference ionosphere 2000: Examples of improvements and new features[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2003, 31(3): 757-767. doi: 10.1016/S0273- 1177(03)00020-6.
|
| [12] |
蔚娜, 柳文, 鲁转侠, 等. F1层未充分发展时的电离层剖面反演[J]. 地球物理学报, 2016: 59(3): 778-790. doi: 10.6038/ cjg20160302.
|
|
WEI N, LIU W, LU Z X, et al. The electron density profile inversion for incompletely developed case of F1 layer[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2016: 59(3): 778-790. doi: 10.6038/cjg20160302.
|
| [13] |
牛瑞朝, 郭承军, 张奕然. 顾及二阶项影响的电离层延迟模型研究[J]. 计算机工程, 2016: 42(1): 300-303. doi: 10.3969/ j.issn.1000-3428.2016.01.053.
|
|
NIU R C, GUO C J, and ZHANG Y R. Study of ionospheric delay model considering second-order effects[J]. Computer Engineering, 2016: 42(1): 300-303. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000- 3428.2016.01.053.
|
| [14] |
BAKER D and LAMBERT S. Range estimation for SSL HFDF system by means of a multi-quasi parabolic ionosphere model[J]. IEE Proceedings H-Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 1989, 136(2): 120-125. doi: 10.1049/ip-h-2.1989. 0022.
|
| [15] |
冯静, 倪彬彬, 赵正予, 等. 利用高频天波返回散射反演电离层水平不均匀结构[J]. 地球物理学报, 2016, 59(9): 3135-3147. doi: 10.6038/cjg20160901.
|
|
FENG J, NI B B, ZHAO Z Y, et al. Reconstruction of horizontally-inhomogeneous ionospheric structure using HF skywave backscattering ionograms[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2016, 59(9): 3135-3147. doi: 10.6038/ cjg20160901.
|
| [16] |
张佳智. 混合传播模式下目标定位修正方法研究[D]. [硕士论文], 哈尔滨工业大学, 2016: 8-18
|
|
ZHANG J Z. Research on target location correction methods under the mixes propagation mode[D]. [Master dissertation], Harbin Institute of Technology, 2016: 8-18.
|
| [17] |
DYSON P and BENNETT J. A model of the vertical distribution of the electron concentration in the ionosphere and its application to oblique propagation studies[J]. Journal of Atmospheric & Terrestrial Physics, 1988, 50: 251-262. doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(88)90074-8.
|
| [18] |
MARESCA J and BARNUM J. Theoretical limitation of the sea on the detection of low Doppler targets by over-the- horizon radar[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, 1982, 30(5): 837-845. doi: 10.1109/TAP.1982. 1142910.
|
| [19] |
罗欢, 陈建文. 天波超视距雷达电离层相位污染典型校正方法综合性能评估[J]. 宇航学报, 2013, 34(2): 262-269. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2013.02.016.
|
|
LUO H and CHEN J W. Performance evaluation of ionospheric phase contamination correction approaches for over-the-horizon radar[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2013, 34(2): 262-269. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2013.02.016.
|
| [20] |
游伟, 何子述, 陈绪元, 等. 基于三次相位建模的天波雷达污染校正[J]. 电波科学学报, 2012, 27(5): 875-880. doi: 10.13443 /j.cjors.2015.05.016.
|
|
YOU W, HE Z S, CHEN X Y, et al. Skywave radar decontamination based on the cubic phase model[J]. Chinese Journal of Radio Science, 2012, 27(5): 875-880. doi: 10.13443 /j.cjors.2015.05.016.
|
| [21] |
马宏伟. 高频雷达海杂波特性研究与仿真分析[D]. [硕士论文], 哈尔滨工业大学, 2011: 10-12.
|
|
MA H W. Research and simulation analysis for sea cluster character of high frequency radar[D]. [Master dissertation], Harbin Institute of Technology, 2011: 10-12.
|
|
|
|
