A Consensus-based Distributed Spherical Simplex Radial Cubature Information Filter (CD-SSRCIF) is proposed to improve the real time orbit determination accuracy and fault tolerance of multiple handheld terminals. N-simplex vertices and the moment matching method are used respectively to calculate the spherical and radial integral, and a five order spherical simplex radial rule suitable for system state dimension n≤7 is obtained. Statistical linear error propagation method is used to embed the above rule into Extended Information Filter (EIF) to achieve centralized five order cubature information filter. Then, average consistency algorithm is used to obtain the distributed equivalent expression of multi-source information accumulation in centralized filter, and constitute cascade filter. The lower filter performs an average consistency algorithm to fuse information from neighbor nodes, and output virtual measurement value. The upper filter performs five order cubature information filter with the above measurement value to output orbit state estimation in real time. The simulation results show that the five order CD-SSRCIF algorithm does not need information fusion center, and has a higher orbit determination accuracy than the three order algorithm.