Abstract：The measured atmospheric model can only be represented as sum of spherical linear stratified models. Then the formula of apparent range of target is derived as sum of analytical expressions.When the initial elevation angle equals zero, therefore the accurate solution of apparent range of target can be obtained, It is indicated in this paper that effective earth radius can be introduced by using median value approximation of integration, which is also an effective technique to obtain accurate solution of atmospheric effects on radio wave propagation, Application of effective earth radius and methods to derive it are discussed.
2005, Vol. 27 
