基于势博弈的分布式目标跟踪传感器分配算法

doi:10.11999/JEIT170229

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摘要

针对无线传感器网络多目标跟踪传感器分配问题，考虑传感器能量、带宽、观测距离和通信距离受限，该文提出一种基于势博弈的分布式目标跟踪传感器分配算法。算法基于目标预测位置，以几何精度衰减因子作为优化准则，建立了基于邻居合作促进整体最优化的传感器分配局部信息博弈模型，并证明了该模型是一个精确势博弈模型，存在纯策略纳什均衡。在此基础上，提出了一种并行最佳响应动态的传感器分配方法，从理论上证明了所提算法只需要传感器与一跳邻居进行信息交互，就能收敛到纳什均衡并且拥有比传统最佳响应动态更快的收敛速度。同时借鉴通信网中的载波侦听多路访问机制，设计了一种完全分布式的决策节点推选机制，更加符合无线传感器网络自组织的特性。仿真结果表明所提算法在收敛速度、跟踪精度和能量有效性方面的优势。

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	冉晓旻
	方德亮

关键词 ：无线传感器网络, 目标跟踪, 传感器选择, 势博弈

Abstract：Considering the limitation of energy, bandwidth, observation distance and communication distance in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), a distributed sensor allocation algorithm based on potential game is proposed to solve the multi-target tracking problem. The predicted coordinate of target and Geometric Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) is used to establish the sensor allocation game modal with local information, and it is proved to be an exact potential game with at least one Nash Equilibrium point. On this basis, a parallel best response dynamic is proposed as the learning algorithm to search the Nash Equilibrium point. It is proved that the learning algorithm can help the game modal converge to a Nash Equilibrium point, and has faster convergence speed than traditional best response dynamic when sensors just communicate with local one-hop neighboring ones. In addition, a fully distributed decision makers selection mechanism is proposed on the basis of the Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), which is more satisfied with the self-organizing characteristic. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has great advantages in convergence speed, tracking accuracy and energy efficiency.

Key words： Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) Target tracking Sensor selection Potential game

收稿日期: 2017-03-20 出版日期: 2017-06-30

PACS:

TP393

基金资助:

国家科技重大专项(2014ZX03006003)

通讯作者: 方德亮：男，1990年生，硕士生，研究方向为无线传感器网络. E-mail: 709811670@qq.com

作者简介: 冉晓旻：男，1971年生，副教授，研究方向为无线传感器网络. 方德亮：男，1990年生，硕士生，研究方向为无线传感器网络.

引用本文:

冉晓旻,方德亮. 基于势博弈的分布式目标跟踪传感器分配算法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2017, 39(11): 2748-2754. RAN Xiaomin, FANG Deliang. Distributed Sensor Allocation Algorithm for Target Tracking Based on Potential Game. JEIT, 2017, 39(11): 2748-2754.

链接本文:

http://jeit.ie.ac.cn/CN/10.11999/JEIT170229 或 http://jeit.ie.ac.cn/CN/Y2017/V39/I11/2748

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