This paper proposes a least-squares registration algorithm using Time Differences Of Arrival (TDOA) and Gain Ratios Of Arrival (GROA) measurements to solve the problem of multiple moving observers passive localization under the influence of system error. The proposed algorithm linearizes the nonlinear measurement equation by Taylor expansion, executes least squares algorithm for the joint estimation of target state and system biases, and considers the influence of measurement noise and location errors of observers. Meanwhile Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) under the influence of measurement noise, location errors of observers and system biases is derived, and the influence of system error on CRLB is analyzed. Simulations under several different conditions indicate the proposed algorithm is valid, which can effectively estimate the system biases and target state.
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