传统的传感器网络多目标定位方法面临的关键问题是目标与回波数据之间的匹配关联,而关联过程会带来计算量大以及如何准确提取目标的问题。基于成像策略的双站距离空间投影(Bistatic Range Space Projection, BRSP)定位算法可以有效地解决回波关联问题。然而,此算法存在运算量较大以及定位精度较低的问题。该文提出一种快速高精度双站距离空间投影(Fast and High Precision Bistatic Range Space Projection)定位算法。该算法采用分层处理,先进行低分辨率投影定位,获取目标可能区域,再以更高分辨率在目标可能区域进行投影定位,以减少运算量。然后将定位结果作为初值,构建方程组,利用泰勒级数展开算法进一步提高定位精度。仿真验证了该文所提方法的有效性,与BRSP定位算法相比,该文算法在提高定位精度的同时,相同硬件条件下定位速度可以提高数十倍,有利于实现实时定位。
The association between multiple targets and echo data is the main problem for multi-target location method, which causes huge calculation and the problem of extracting the targets accurately. The location method based on Bistatic Range Space Projection (BRSP) can be used for the sake of overcoming the data association problem. While there are two problems existing on the location method of BRSP, the huge calculation and the low resolution. In the face of vast calculation in projection imaging localization, this paper utilizes hierarchical strategy to decrease calculation. The possible targets areas are located with low resolution at first. After that, more precision probable areas are pinpointed via higher resolution from these possible areas. In this way, the calculation of areas without targets can be avoided. Furthermore, results of hierarchical processing are used to be the initial position guess for Taylor-series estimation. Positioning errors could be modified by the iterative correction of Taylor-series estimation. Simulation results indicate a significant improvement in the running time and positioning precision of the proposed method.
HONG Shen, ZHI Ding, SOURA D, et al. Multiple source localization in wireless sensor networks based on time of arrival measurement[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2014, 62(8): 1938-1949. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2014. 2304433.
[2]
CHAN Y T, HANG H, and CHING P C. Exact and approximate maximum likelihood localization algorithms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2006, 55(1): 10-16. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2005.861162.
[3]
SCHMIDT R O. Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1986, 34(3): 276-280. doi: 10.1109/TAP. 1986.1143830.
[4]
MENG Wei, XIE Linghua, and XIAO Wendong. Decentralized TDOA sensor pairing in multihop wireless sensor networks[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2013, 20(2): 181-184. doi: 10.1109/LSP.2013.2237823.
[5]
XIONG Hui, CHEN Zhiyuan, YANG Beiya, et al. TDOA localization algorithm with compensation of clock offset for wireless sensor networks[J]. China Communications, 2015, 12(10): 193-201. doi: 10.1109/CC.2015.7315070.
[6]
NARESH V, STEVEN K, and QUAN Ding. TDOA based direct positioning maximum likelihood estimator and the cramer-rao bound[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2014, 50(3): 1616-1635. doi: 10.1109/ TAES.2013.110499.
[7]
ZHU Guohui and FENG Dazheng. Bi-iterative method for moving source localisation using TDOA and FDOA[J]. Electronics Letters, 2015, 55(1): 8-10. doi: 10.1049/el.2014. 2386.
[8]
MOHAMMAD P and MARK L F. Distributed computation for direct position determination emitter location[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2014, 50(4): 2878-2889. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2014.130005.
[9]
YANG Kehu and LUO Zhiquan. Robust target localization with multiple sensors using time difference of arrivals[C]. IEEE Radar Conference, Rome, 2008: 1080-1085. doi: 10.1109/RADAR.2008.4720928.
FANG Jiaqi, FENG Dazheng, and LI Jin. A robustly convergent algorithm for source localization using time difference of arrival and frequency difference of arrival[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2015, 37(4): 798-803. doi: 10.11999/JEIT140560.
[11]
SHI Tongyan, ZHANG Xiaoling, and SHI Jun. Multi-target positioning for sensor network based on imaging strategy[C]. International Conference on Computational Problem- Solving, Jiuzhai, 2013: 171-174. doi: 10.1109/ICCPS.2013. 6893549.
[12]
SHI Jun, FAN Ling, ZHANG Xiao-ling, et al. Multi-target positioning for passive sensor network via bistatic range space projection[J]. SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences, 2016, 59(1): 1-3 doi: 10.1007/s11432-015-5464-x.
[13]
HONG I K, CHUNG S T, KIM H K, et al. Fast forward and backward projection algorithm using SIMD[C]. Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, San Diego, 2006: 3361-3368. doi: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.353723.
[14]
SHI Jun, ZHANG Xiaoling, YANG Jianyu, et al. APC trajectory design for “one-active” linear-array three- dimensional imaging SAR[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2010, 48(3): 1470-1486. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2031430.
[15]
WADE H F. Position-location solutions by Taylor series estimation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1976, 12(2): 187-194. doi: 10.1109/ TAES.1976.308294.
[16]
CHAN Y T and HO K C. A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 1994, 42(8): 1905-1915. doi: 10.1109/78.301830.